大衆創業､萬衆創新
習近平在2014年12月的中央經濟工作會議上提出要“營造有利于大衆創業、市場主體創新的政策制度環境”。此前,李克強在2014年9月的夏季達沃斯論壇上也曾提出,要掀起“大衆創業”、“草根創業”的新浪潮,形成“萬衆創新”、“人人創新”的新态勢｡”。“大衆創業、萬衆創新”是實現中國經濟提質增效升級的“新引擎”,其目的在于尊重人民群衆的主體地位,充分發揮其無限創造力,讓他們平等參與現代化進程，共同分享改革紅利和發展成果，推動大衆創業、萬衆創新,可以擴大就業,增加居民收入,有利于促進社會縱向流動和公平正義,同時也可以讓中國民衆在創造财富的過程中,更好地實現精神追求和自身價值。｡
Widespreadentrepreneurshipandinnovation
AttheCentralEconomicWorkMeetinginDecember2014,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingcalledforeffortstocreateatpolicyandinstitutionallevelsanenvironmentconducivetowidespreadentrepreneurshipandinnovation.Beforethat,PremierLiKeqianghaddeclaredatthe“SummerDavos”foruminTianjinlastSeptemberthatChinawouldencouragewidestpossibleparticipationinentrepreneurialactivitiesandhelpunleashamassivewaveofgrassrootsinnovation.
WidespreadentrepreneurshipandinnovationwouldbeanewengineforChinatoupgradetheeconomy,makingitmoreefficient.TheaxiomtestifiestotheleadingroleofthepeopleandtheneedtotapintotheirunboundedcreativityandfullparticipationinChina’sdrivetowardsmodernizationandenjoymentofthereformdividendandthefruitsofdevelopment.Promotingentrepreneurshipandinnovationwouldcreatemorejobs,increasepeople’sincomes,boostupwardsocialmobility,andcontributetosocialequityandjustice.Thiswouldinturnencourageindividualstofurtherpursuetheiridealsandrealizetheirfullpotentialwhilegeneratinghigherlevelsofwealth.
戰略性新興産業
中國所提出的戰略性新興産業,是指那些潛在市場大、帶動能力強、吸收就業多、綜合效益好的産業,比如節能環保、新一代信息技術、高端裝備制造、集成電路、物聯網、先進制造、新能源、新一代移動通信、大數據等。中國将适應産業競争格局新變化,加快培育這些産業發展,構建“核心技術——戰略産品——工程與規模應用”的創新價值鍊,拓展産業發展空間,培育市場競争新優勢。｡
Emergingindustriesofstrategicimportance
Emergingindustriesofstrategicimportancearethosethathaveconsiderablemarketpotential,candrivetheeconomyandcreatemorejobs,andarecost-effective.Theyincludeenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotection,newgenerationinformationtechnology,high-endequipmentmanufacturing,integratedcircuits,theInternetofThings,advancedmanufacturing,newenergy,new-generationmobilecommunications,andbigdata.
Chinawillstepupeffortstofosterthegrowthoftheseindustriesinresponsetonewchallengesinacompetitiveworld.Aninnovativevaluechainwillbecreatedlinkingcoretechnologies,strategicproducts,andengineeringexpertiseandcapacityandlarge-scaleapplications.Thescopeofindustrialdevelopmentwillbeexpanded,withnewpossibilitiesforbusinessestosharpentheircompetitiveedge.
創新驅動發展戰略
中國實施創新驅動發展戰略,就是要推動以科技創新為核心的全面創新,堅持需求導向和産業化方向,堅持企業在創新中的主體地位,發揮市場在資源配置中的決定性作用和社會主義制度優勢,增強科技進步對經濟增長的貢獻度,形成新的增長動力源泉,推動經濟持續健康發展。主要措施包括:營造激勵創新的公平競争環境,建立技術創新市場導向機制,強化金融創新的功能,完善成果轉化激勵政策,構建更加高效的科研體系,創新培養、用好和吸引人才機制,推動形成深度融合的開放創新局面,等等。中國将力争到2020年,基本形成适應創新驅動發展要求的制度環境和政策法律體系,為進入創新型國家行列提供有力保障。｡
Theinnovation-drivendevelopmentstrategy
China’sinnovation-drivendevelopmentstrategyaimsatencouraginginnovationinallareas,particularlyscienceandtechnology.Innovationshouldbedemand-driveninresponsetotheneedsofindustrialization.Businessesaremajorplayersindeliveringinnovation,andthemarketshouldplaythedecisiveroleinallocatingresources.Thefullpotentialofoursocialistsystemshouldbeexplored.Thestrategyseekstoenhancethecontributionofscientificandtechnologicaladvancestoeconomicgrowth,whichwouldserveasanewgrowthdriverandhelpsustainsoundeconomicdevelopment.
Themainmeasurestobetakentothisendincludecreatingafavorableenvironmentforfaircompetitionandamarketbasedmechanismthatencouragestechnologicalinnovation.Itisalsoessentialtopromotefinancialinnovationtoprovidemoreincentivesforinnovativeusesoftechnology.Anotherareaoffocusisbuildingamoreefficientscientificresearchsystem,andimplementinganeffectivetalentmanagementmechanismfortrainingandattractingcompetentpersonnel.Ahighlyintegratedapproachisnecessarytoensureanopen,innovationfriendlyclimate.Chinaseekstohaveinplaceby2020aninstitutional,legalandpolicyframeworkforinnovation-drivendevelopmentsoastoprovideasolidbasistoputChinaontracktobecomeoneoftheworld’smostinnovativecountries.