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中國文化核心詞

時間:2024-10-25 04:41:26

情景QíngjǐngSentimentandScenery

指文學作品中摹寫景物與抒發情感的相互依存和有機融合。“情”指作者内心的情感,“景”為外界景物。情景理論強調二者的交融,情無景不立,景無情不美。是宋代以後出現的文學術語,相對于早期的情物觀念,情景理論更加重視景物摹寫與情感抒發、創作與鑒賞過程的互相依賴與融為一體。

Thistermreferstothemutualdependenceandintegrationofanauthor’sdescriptionofsceneryandobjects,andhisexpressionoffeelingsinhisliterarycreation.Qing(情)isanauthor’sinnerfeelings,andjing(景)referstoexternalsceneryoranobject.Thetheoryofsentimentandscenerystressesintegrationofthetwo,maintainingthatsentimentcanhardlybearousedwithoutscenery,andthatsceneryoranobjectcannotbeappreciatedwithoutsentiment.ThistermappearedintheSongDynasty.Comparedwithearliernotionsaboutsentimentandscenery,thisoneismoreemphaticaboutfusingthedepictionofscenerywiththeexpressionoffeelings,andtheprocessofcreationwiththatofappreciation.

引例Citations:

◎景無情不發,情無景不生。(範希文《對床夜語》卷二)

(景物若沒有情感的注入就不會出現在詩歌中,情感若沒有景物的襯托就無從生發。)

Sceneryhasnoplaceinpoetryunlesstherearefeelingsforit;feelingscannotbestirredwithouttheinspirationofscenery.(FanXiwen:MidnightDialoguesAcrossTwoBeds)

◎情景名為二,而實不可離。神于詩者,妙合無垠。巧者則有情中景、景中情。(王夫之《姜齋詩話》卷下)

(情與景雖然名稱上為二,但實際上不可分離。善于作詩的人,二者融合巧妙,看不出界限。構思精巧的則會有情中景、景中情。)

Sentimentandsceneryseemtobetwodistinctthings,butinfacttheycannotbeseparated.Agoodpoetknowshowtointegratethemseamlessly.Aningeniouscombinationofsentimentandscenerymeanssceneryembeddedinsentimentandviceversa.(WangFuzhi:DesultoryRemarksonPoetryfromGingerStudio)

神思shénsīImaginativeContemplation

文藝創作過程中的一種精神狀态,指的是作者在飽滿的情感驅動下,超越時間與空間的限制,進入到自由想象或特殊的靈感狀态,最後通過特定的文學藝術形象和語言而傳達出來,創作出自然而美好的文藝作品。這一術語,在魏晉南北朝的文藝理論中得到廣泛運用,南朝劉勰《文心雕龍》對此有專門論述。“神思”強調它是文藝創作中一種獨特的心理活動,不同于其他認識活動。

Thetermreferstoastateofmindintheprocessofliteraryandartisticcreation.Itsuggeststhattheauthor,fullyinspiredbyemotions,transcendstheconstraintsoftimeandspace,andentersintoastateoffreeimaginationoraspecialmoodforliteraryandartisticcreation,be-foreproducinganaturalandbeautifulworkofliteratureorart,eitherinlanguageorinimagery.ThistermwaspopularlyusedinliteraryandartistictheoriesoftheWei,Jin,andSouthernandNorthernDynasties.LiuXieoftheSouthernDynastiesdevotedonechapterespeciallytothisterminCarvingaDragonattheCoreofLiterature.Withemphasisontheuniquementalactivityinliteraryandartisticcreation,imaginativecontemplationisdifferentfromothercognitiveactivities.

◎古人雲:“形在江海之上,心存魏阙之下。”神思之謂也。文之思也,其神遠矣。(劉勰《文心雕龍·神思》)

(古人說:“身在民間,心卻想着朝廷。”這說的就是神思。文章寫作時的想象和思緒,其神奇是可以超越時空的呀!)

Anancientsayinggoes,“Thoughhelivesamongthecommonfolks,deepinhisheartheconcernshimselfwithaffairsoftheimperialcourt.”Thisiscalledimaginativecontemplation.Whenonewrites,hisimaginationsandthoughtsmaytranscendtimeandspace.(LiuXie:CarvingaDragonattheCoreofLiterature)

引例Citations:

◎屬文之道,事出神思,感召無象,變化不窮。(蕭子顯《南齊書·文學傳論》)

(寫文章的規律,來自于神思,人對萬物的感觸沒有形迹,變化無窮。)

Theguidingprinciplesforliterarycreationcomefromimaginativecontemplation.Man’sfeelingsandthoughtsabouttheexternalworldareformlessandhighlychangeable.(XiaoZixian:TheHistoryofSouthernQi)
   

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